How does laser therapy primarily achieve its effects on tissues?

Laser therapy primarily achieves its effects on tissues through the process known as photobiomodulation. This mechanism involves the absorption of specific wavelengths of light by cellular chromophores, which in turn leads to a series of biochemical reactions within the cells. Photobiomodulation can stimulate mitochondrial activity, increase ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production, and enhance various cellular functions, contributing to tissue repair, reduced inflammation, and improved healing.

This process does not rely on thermal injury, which is more characteristic of surgical lasers that cut or destroy tissues. Instead, photobiomodulation operates at lower energy levels, focusing on promoting healing without causing damage. Additionally, while chemical reactions and mechanical disruption can occur in some contexts, the primary therapeutic effects attributed to laser therapy are linked to the biological responses triggered by the light energy, aligning with the principles of photobiomodulation.